Epistemology Empiricism And Rationalism Essay - 1505 Words

The question of whether or not there is a world outside of one’s own mind is a question that has been widely debated over time. This is such a controversial topic because there is no definite answer or explanation that can be proven to be completely accurate. An entire branch of philosophy has become committed to focusing on this topic alone. Epistemology is the study of questions regarding knowledge, how we can prove knowledge, and whether or not as humans we have any limit to the amount of knowledge we can obtain. Skepticism is defined by Webster’s Dictionary as â€Å"the doctrine that true knowledge or knowledge in a particular area is uncertain;† therefore, it falls under the study of epistemology. In my personal opinion, the idea of being skeptic or unsure of a world outside of one’s mind seems crazy, but delving into the topic has revealed to me many objections as to why one would be skeptical about the world as we know it. There are two main positions in epistemology: empiricism and rationalism. Empiricism is the belief that all of our knowledge must come from sense experience that we have encountered, and there cannot be knowledge that doesn’t come from sense experience (Notes). On the other hand, rationalism is the belief that humans can have another source of knowledge apart from sense experience, and that source of knowledge is reason (Notes). Most people would fall under the category of a rationalist because most people feel as if they have knowledge apart from justShow MoreRelatedEssay on Rationalism vs. Empiricism: The Argument for Empricism855 Words   |  4 Pagessubject of epistemology: rationalism and empiricism. These two, very different, schools of thought attempt to answer the philosophical question of how knowledge is acquired. While rationalists believe that this process occurs solely in our minds, empiricists argue that it is, instead, through sensory experience. After reading and understanding each argument it is clear that empiricism is the most relative explanatory position in epistemology. To begin with the question of rationalism versus empiricismRead MoreRationalism And Rationalism788 Words   |  4 Pagesbe divided into Metaphysics and epistemology. Metaphysics is concerned with what is to be? While epistemology is concerned with concrete knowledge and with â€Å"what is knowledge†? In other words, what can be known, how it came to be known, and the source of knowledge is epistemology. Empiricism and rationalism both deal with the epistemology branch of philosophy. Even more specifically, rationalism and empiricism are concerned with how knowledge is gained. Rationalism argues that knowledge is innateRead MoreEmpiricism Vs. Positivist Theory Of Knowledge1053 Words   |  5 Pages Epistemology is the branch of philosophy that evaluates the acquisition, limitations, and origins of human knowledge. One of the theories found in epistemology is the theory of empiricism. Empiricism is the belief that knowledge is gained through experience, that there is no such thing as â€Å"innate knowledge,† or knowledge that one is born with. Empiricism stands in stark contrast to the rationalist theory, the belief that humans possess innate knowledge, and that one can have knowledge, without sensoryRead MoreEssay on A Study of Epistemology890 Words   |  4 PagesA Study of Epistemology In the sixth century B.C., Homer alludes to a separation of knowledge between the mortals and the gods. He speaks of both gods and human beings as â€Å"knowing things†- creatures of knowledge. However, there is a â€Å"great difference in the quality and the scope of the knowledge available to the two groups† (Everson, Pg.12). For the mortal human being the contrast between â€Å"divine and human knowledge†, paired with possible deception by the gods, has led him to question theRead MoreEssay about Rationalism and Empiricism1486 Words   |  6 PagesRationalism and Empiricism Rationalism and Empiricism are most likely the two most famous and intriguing schools of philosophy. The two schools deal specifically with epistemology, or, the origin of knowledge. Although not completely opposite, they are often considered so, and are seen as the Jordan vs. Bird of the philosophy world. The origins of rationalism and empiricism can be traced back to the 17th century, when many important advancements were made in scientific fields such as astronomyRead MoreWhat I Learned in Philosophy Class1540 Words   |  6 Pagesreason learning. Epistemology, â€Å"Defined narrowly, is the study of knowledge and justified belief. As the study of knowledge, epistemology is concerned with the following questions: What are the necessary and sufficient conditions of knowledge? What are its sources? What is its structure, and what are its limits?† (Steup, plato.stanford.edu/) There are 2 major ideas that can be grouped into epistemology, those being rationalism and Empiricism. Rationalism is the branch of epistemology that believes thatRead MoreConstructivism Essay1400 Words   |  6 Pagesargument with his theory of empirical relativism, or what some may call constructivism. His theory bridges the gap between rationalism and empiricism and proves that empiricists and rationalists each present a piece of the full puzzle. In order to truly understand Kant’s epistemology, one must first review and understand both empiricism and rationalism on an impartial basis. Empiricism Empiricists claim that genuine knowledge comes from experience: a posteriori knowledge. It can be difficult to argueRead MoreOrganizational Epistemology2939 Words   |  12 PagesRunning Head: ORGANIZATIONAL EPISTEMOLOGY    1   Organizational Epistemology St. Rachel E. Ustanny University of Phoenix ORGANIZATIONAL EPISTEMOLOGY    2   There are different perspectives about the origin of knowledge, which have influenced the development of concepts such as a priori and a posteriori truth, epistemic regress, and sensual perception—Descartes (as cited in Cooper, 1999) argued that there are certain undeniable truths, which are obtained from our senses; Feldman (2003)Read MoreEpistemology is the arm of philosophy concerned with the study of knowledge and beliefs. The study500 Words   |  2 PagesEpistemology is the arm of philosophy concerned with the study of knowledge and beliefs. The study first explains the understanding of what constitute knowledge and how to distinguish when someone does something and when one does nothing. Additionally, it examines the extent of use of human knowledge and how one can use reason, senses, past work and resources to acquire specific knowledge. Epistemology seeks to know whether there are limits to acquisition and use of knowledge. It provides answersRead MoreThe Allegory Of The People1374 Words   |  6 Pagesenlightenment of people and their interactions with change called â€Å"the Allegory of the People in the Cave†. Two of the major recurring themes in the story illustrate the epistemological argument as well as the views of rationalism. I will also briefly explore the tangent of Empiricism inspired by the story’s experiences to help understand the cause and effects of ones search for knowledge. In this essay we will summarize the story and explore the philosophical views of those characters in and why

Rugby Football Union Free Essays

Rugby What is it all About? â€Å"In 1823, William Webb Ellis first picked up the ball in his arms and ran with it. And for the next 156 years forwards have been trying to work out why. † – Sir Tasker Watkins (1979) The History of Rugby, many believe that Rugby was born in 1823 when William Webb Ellis whilst spending his time at Rugby school, took the ball in his arms during a game of football and ran with it. We will write a custom essay sample on Rugby Football Union or any similar topic only for you Order Now This then became the distinctive future of the Rugby game. Although this is not fact as there is little in the way of evidence to substantiate this view, it is more by popular belief. The true year Rugby Football Union was founded was in the year 1871, in the month of December 1870 two men published a letter in The Times suggesting that anyone who plays the Rugby Game should meet and form a code of practice. On 26 January 1871 a meeting was held in Pall Mall, London with representatives from 21 clubs of the game. As a result of this meeting the Rugby Football Union was officially founded. Three lawyers who were former students of Rugby school drew up the first laws of the game which were approved in June 1871. The first ever International game was when England faced Scotland in Edinburgh on March 1871, the England team wore white with a red rose and Scotland wearing brown with a thistle. The game was played over two halves, 50 minutes each way. Scotland won by scoring a goal, a goal then was a try followed by a successful conversion kick. The name and game of rugby has evolved dramatically over the years. In 1886 found the formation of the International Rugby Football Board, this was formed by Scotland, Ireland and Wales as England refused to join after a try against Scotland was disallowed by the Referee. England finally agreed to join in 1890, since then the International Rugby Football Board changed its name in 1997 are now known as the International Rugby Board. The game is always started with the toss of a coin to deicide what team will kick off first. Play then starts with a drop kick, with the players chasing the ball into the opposition’s territory, and the other side trying to retrieve the ball and then taking the ball forward. If the player with the ball is tackled to the ground the team will then form a ruck to protect the ball and organize to set up play, throwing or passing the ball is always made to the player behind the ball, forward passing is not allowed. The ball can only move forward in three ways, by kicking, a player running with it and the ball moving within a scrum or ruck. Blocking is not allowed and only the player with the ball may be tackled if the ball is knocked forward by a player with his arms a knock on is committed and play is restarted with a scrum. Protective equipment is optional and strictly regulated. The most common items are mouth guards, which are worn by most players. Other protective items permitted include thin head gear no thicker than 10mm, non-rigid shoulder pads and also shin pads. Some players will wear bandage or tape to protect injuries. Over the years more and more countries have got involved in the game of rugby. 1910 was the start of the Five Nations Championship between England, France Ireland, Scotland and Wales. 1987 saw the start of the Rugby World Cup this championship was won by New Zealand who defeated France 29-9 at Eden Park, Auckland. 1996 the Tri Nations Series began between Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. 2000 the Five Nations became the Six Nations Championships with Italy joining in the competition. Even the points system has dramatically changed in 1890 a try was 1 point and a conversion 2 points now its 5 points for a try and 2 points for a conversion. My conclusion to rugby is that the history and tradition will grow stronger and stronger over the years, from famous victories to famous trophies for instance the Six Nations Championship Trophy as plenty of tradition and history, the current trophy was presented to the championship winners France in 1993, the sterling silver trophy, designed by James Brent-Ward and made by a team of eight silversmiths is valued at ? 5,000, although this trophy was originally silver inside over the years of celebratory champagne fillings the trophy became corroded and is now plated with 22 carat gold for protection. The trophy has 15 side panels representing the 15 members of the team and three handles to represent the three officials, this tradition will never die. â€Å"In our country, true teams rarely exist . . . social barriers and persona l ambitions have reduced athletes to dissolute cliques or individuals thrown together for mutual profit . . . Yet these rugby players. ith their muddied, cracked bodies, are struggling to hold onto a sense of humanity that we in America have lost and are unlikely to regain. The game may only be to move a ball forward on a dirt field, but the task can be accomplished with an unshackled joy and its memories will be a permanent delight. The women and men who play on that rugby field are more alive than too many of us will ever be. The foolish emptiness we think we perceive in their existence is only our own. † – Victor Cahn (The New York Times in June 1973) How to cite Rugby Football Union, Papers

The Crusible Essay Example For Students

The Crusible Essay The Crucible was a story with a wide range of characters. Not only appearance wise but, with different personalities a together. Many characters in this play thought differently from one and other. That is why this book had a few twists and turns to the story. In my profiles, I will display many different characters and theirs different mentality. First I will start with Mr. John Proctor, a.k.a. shoulder checker. John Proctor had always things on his mind. People were always on his mind. John Proctor was always looking out for his mistakes or errors, not because he was picky, but his enemies and competition were. John Proctor was always think out the final result of a situation, like whenBetty was spiritually reposed early in the book (Act I, pages 6-12). John Proctor did not care about as Betty as much as the final opinion that the town would have on Proctor’s white and pure name. Much can be said about Proctor’s giving and understanding, but I don’t want to waste that line. Proctor’s caring and willing to give people thanks was not his best feature. Proctor was always thing about him, himself and no one else, except the final outcome of the whole situation. Take for example the fellow that wanted to get some tree off Proctor’s land. Even though Proctor had probably no knowledge of the trees on his land, he still wanted a piece of the pie. Proctor wanted always money. He was money hungry and cheap. Basically Proctor was a would be if he could be. Proctor was always trying to fit into the high class crowd. He would flash his power and money on the middle class or â€Å"poorer people†. But when Proctor was around people like Hale (Hale was well educated and stood up for thins kind of guy) he would try to act up to his class but he couldn’t really because inside he really knew he couldn’t. Then the one life ending, marriage-destroying fault that Proctor would ever do was sleep with Abigail. That action right there would kill Proctor not physically (yet) but mentally would haunt him later his wife. The perfect example was when Hale approached John and Elizabeth Proctor. John Proctor was asked if he could name the seven commandments (Act II, page 65). John Proctor (with Elizabeth by his side) was able to name them all except the most crucial one, for John Proctor, Adultery. With Elizabeth knowing all the information before hand, she was totally convinced that John Proctor was indeed guilty of committing the sin of Adultery with Abigail Williams. I think John Proctor did change towards the end of the play because of he mood and situation that he was in. At the end (Act II) John Proctor was being executed and he truly did love his wife. His moods and heart changed to tell Elizabeth how he really felt about her. John really did love her. John Proctor’s attitude really did change form me, myself and I, to who is in need the most besides me. The next character I will talk about is Abigail Williams. Abigail was the sour apple of the bunch in this book, but really couldnt help it because its hard to be a sweet apple when the roots of the tree you came from were sour. Abigail was an orphan and all. She used her body to get things or people she wanted to. Even though Abigail was almost an adult, by many she was still basically treated like a child, to be seen but not to be heard. This was the attitude in town for all of the children. .u345e00277925a10fa59f5c0e36d0fef9 , .u345e00277925a10fa59f5c0e36d0fef9 .postImageUrl , .u345e00277925a10fa59f5c0e36d0fef9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u345e00277925a10fa59f5c0e36d0fef9 , .u345e00277925a10fa59f5c0e36d0fef9:hover , .u345e00277925a10fa59f5c0e36d0fef9:visited , .u345e00277925a10fa59f5c0e36d0fef9:active { border:0!important; } .u345e00277925a10fa59f5c0e36d0fef9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u345e00277925a10fa59f5c0e36d0fef9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u345e00277925a10fa59f5c0e36d0fef9:active , .u345e00277925a10fa59f5c0e36d0fef9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u345e00277925a10fa59f5c0e36d0fef9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u345e00277925a10fa59f5c0e36d0fef9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u345e00277925a10fa59f5c0e36d0fef9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u345e00277925a10fa59f5c0e36d0fef9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u345e00277925a10fa59f5c0e36d0fef9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u345e00277925a10fa59f5c0e36d0fef9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u345e00277925a10fa59f5c0e36d0fef9 .u345e00277925a10fa59f5c0e36d0fef9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u345e00277925a10fa59f5c0e36d0fef9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Worksheet: Naming of Parts EssayI think Abigail’s most interesting feature is that she lies through thick and thin. At the end of Act II, Abigail (under oath) was lying in order to save herself. The point is Abigail didnt care to whom she is lying. It could be a judge or even Proctor it really didn’t make a difference to her as long as she was able to save herself. The way she lies was sometimes quite entertaining. In Act III, Abigail thought there was a bird on the ceiling and did a good job convincing every one else that there was too. The reason Abigail did this again was to make everyone beleive that she was physco. Abigail was able many times to influence the court. She was able to have her ways with Danforth and Jugde Hathrone and the court (but many times the court was question who has the power). I guess Abigail has many split personalities. In act number one, Abigail goes threw many emotional changes and moods. Abigail goes from violent to peace keeping when she holds Mercy back (page 16). Then Abibail goes to quiet then mad (page 17). Then Abigail goes to flurts with Proctor (On page 19).. I found Abigail making many thearts to people but never did go threw with them. Like when Betty (In act one) was sleeping for a long time, Abigail would threaten her saying Get up or Ill beat you Betty (page 15).I guess coming from an unstable background, people can except some weirdness from a few individualsTo put Abigail in a nutshell she is selfish, brutal, she has split personalities and she is only concerned about herself. I didnt see any changes in Abigail in the play. I think I can prove my point by showing what down the road Abigail became. Abigail became a Prostitute in Boston (Page 140). With an outcome like that, I think Abigail really didnt change much ever!Hale will be my last caracteur profile but certainly not the least caractor at all. Hale was the one out of them all I could fellow and understand what he was doing threw out the play. Hale was an educated man and he would do what he beleived. Mr. Hale is a man that is going into his forties. Since he was a man very highly educated, many people called him in for his expertice on witchcraft. I think that Hale had the most logical approches to any situations than any other caracteur. Hale would ague to everyone or anyone. Take the final act when Hale would battle it out with Danforth over many of the courts decisions. Hale would be able to analyse the sittuation that the court was not the most stertious system and Hale tried to change the court s decitions when Danforth was trying to reclame power of his own court (ironical isnt it?). I saw many verbal threats to Hale. The funny thing about all these threest is that either was were going to be affected physically now or spriatually later. But Hale was never scared of these threest. Hale was always always under the influence of God. The reason or event would be because of God. Still, Hale was a friend to many people like Proctor. When the summons come for Proctor (at the end of Act I), Proctor would yell to the officers tht they should depart from his house. Hale tried to clam down Mr. Proctor but once a snowball start to roll, it is hard to freeze it in its tracks. But again its like thoses efforts that made Hale who he is. I fell that all theses caractuers made a big difference in this book (as I described above). My reason apon picking them varies from the protagonist (Proctor) to anognist (Abigail) to the man I felt kept the ball moving with his knowladge (Hale). I enjoyed reading this book because of the turning of events, the plot that led up to the climax. The finish was touching. For a guy to say it was touching, it was a good ending. I think the best title or subtitle for this book came from an album from a group called Colletive Soul. Their title from the album and the perfect title for this book: Hints, Lies and AlligationsBibliography: